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Abstract
Morale is an effort to maximize work, resulting in success. Teachers need enthusiasm in working so that school goals can be achieved. Many factors influence morale. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication with teachers' morale in public elementary schools by describing and analyzing them. This study used path analysis with a sample of 139 teachers from a population of 220 Public Elementary School teachers in Daha Selatan District. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression methods. The results show that the relationship between work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication with teachers’ work morale is very high. It can be concluded that work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication affect teachers’ morale. Other schools can use the results of this study to increase teachers’ morale at school.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
How to Cite
Asy’ari, Mahrita, & Dalle, J. (2021). The Relationship between Work Commitment, Work Discipline and Interpersonal Communication with Teacher Work Morale at Elementary Schools in Daha Selatan District. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 4(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.04.01.07
References
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Arikunto, S. (2010). Research procedure. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Arikunto, S. (2011). Research procedure: A practice approach. Jakarta: PT. Renika Cipta.
Awad, T. A., & Alhashemi, S. E. (2012). Assessing the effect of interpersonal communications on employees’ commitment and satisfaction. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(2), 134-156. doi:10.1108/17538391211233425
Bacher-Hicks, A., Chin, M. J., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2019). An experimental evaluation of three teacher quality measures: Value-added, classroom observations, and student surveys. Economics of Education Review, 73, 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.101919
Bao, Y., Zhu, F., Hu, Y., & Cui, N. (2016). The research of interpersonal conflict and solution strategies. Psychology, 7, 541-545. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.74055
Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). Business research methods. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Dalle, J. (2010). General methodology of inquiry crowding out inner and outer assessment: a case study of the indonesia student enrollment system. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Erichsen, K., & Reynolds, J. (2020). Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale. Social Science Research, 85, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102347
Gorton, R. (1972). School administration and supervision. Iowa: Wm.C. Brown company publishers.
Hairina, D. (2020). The relationship of emotional intelligence and work motivation through work discipline on the performance of state vocational high school teachers in Banjarmasin city. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(3), 327-341. doi:https://j-k6em.org/index.php/jkemorg/article/view/401
Handoko, T. (2003). Management Personalia and human resources. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Harahap, M. E., Suriansyah, A., & Suhaimi. (2020). Relationship of instructional leadership, organizational climate and teacher’s commitment to job satisfaction. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 2(4), 260-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.02.04.01
Hasibuan, M. (2010). Organizational motivation. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hasibuan, M. (2013). Human resource management. Jakarta: PT. Bumu Aksara.
Izvercian, M., Radu, A., LarisaIvascu, & Ardelean, B.-O. (2014). The impact of human resources and total quality management on the enterprise. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 124, 27-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.456
Jayanti, E., Utaminingtyas, R. R., & Farouk, U. (2020). The effect of work motivation, work discipline, and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT. Samudera Perdana Selaras. Admisi dan Bisnis, 21(2), 131-142.
Kanimozhi, M., & Vinothkumar, A. (2018). Effectiveness of employee morale and its impact on employee relation in manufacturing industry. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(11), 506-512.
Kelimeda, Hairudinor, Ridwan, M. N., & Dalle, J. (2018). The effect of motivation, job satisfaction and job discipline toward employee performance of PT. Buma Perindahindo at Lng Tangguh Site, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 2(1), 49-73. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2040456
Kusrini, L., Suriansyah, A., & Saleh, M. (2018). the influence of supervision of academic supervisors with commitment and work motivation on performance of teachers of the state high school in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. European Journal of Education Studies, 5(7). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.2098
Mallik, A., Mallik, L., & Keerthi, D. (2019). Impact of employee morale on organizational success. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 3289-3293. doi:10.35940/ijrte.D8070.118419
Mangkunegara, A. P., & Octorend, T. R. (2015). Effect of work discipline, work motivation and job satisfaction on employee organizational commitment in the company (Case Study in PT. Dada Indonesia). Universal Journal of Management, 3(8), 318-328. doi:10.13189/ujm.2015.030803
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991-1007. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
Molina, E., Fatima, S. F., Ho, A. D., Melo, C., Wilichowski, T. M., & Pushparatnam, A. (2020). Measuring the quality of teaching practices in primary schools: Assessing the validity of the Teach observation tool in Punjab, Pakistan. Teaching and Teacher Education, 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103171
Mulyasa. (2012). Character education management. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.
Nappo, N. (2020). The interactive effect of cojob stress and interpersonal relationships cross country evidence from the EU15: A correlation analysismmunication and stress on perception of quality of work life. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09253-9
Nasrullah, R. (2012). Intercultural communication (in the cultural cyber). Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.
Nawawi, H. (2006). Performance evaluation and supervision. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada Offset.
Nazir, M. (2005). Research methods. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Nisa, W. (2020). The contribution of professional competence through the work discipline and performance to teacher work productivity in public elementary school of savings subdistrict, Barito Kuala. Journal of K6, Education, and Management,3(1), 149-157.
Nitisemito, A. (2008). Management personalia. Jakarta: Adisi Indonesia.
Nofia, D., Yasri, Y., & Abror, A. (2019). The effects of interpersonal communication and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (at Agam District Government). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 97, 581-587.
Noor, S., Wahyu, & Suhaimi. (2019). Relationship principal leadership to work motivation, morale teacher and teacher performance of state junior high schools. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(1), 15-22.
Okoro, E., Washington, M. C., & Thomas, O. (2017). The impact of interpersonal communication skills on organizational effectiveness and social self-efficacy: A Synthesis. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(3), 28-32.
Parmin. (2013). The influence of leadership and satisfaction on employee morale with organizational commitment asan intervening variable. Journal Manajemen Pendidikan, 1.
Poernamawijayai, L. W., Sulaiman, Suriansyah, A., & Dalle, J. (2018). Contribution on supervision of supervisor, principals motivation, kindergarten teacher performance to improving the kindergarten quality in West Banjarmasin, Indonesia. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies, 3(2), 129-146. doi:10.5281/zenodo.226103
Pratama, M. (2019). The influence of leadership, work motivation and work discipline on employee performance of the central sumatra region of Sungai Sumatra V. Medan: State University of North Sumatera.
Priyatno, D. (2010). Easy and fast techniquest to analyze research data with SPSS and questions and answers on awareness exams Pendadaran. Yogyakarta: Gaya Media.
Purwanto. (2012). Workforce management. Bandung: Pioneer.
Rahmadani, I. (2020). Contribution of teachers perceptions about the effectiveness of principal leadership and interpersonal communication on school climate through emotional intelligence. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(3), 295-302.
Robescu, O., & Iancu, A.-G. (2016). The effects of motivation on employees performance in organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 1-8. doi:10.1515/vjes-2016-0006
Rosyada, A. (2020). Contribution of organizational commitment, lesson study and teacher professionalism to learning quality. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 3(2), 118– 127. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.02.03
Ruslan, M. (2020). Contribution of Principal Transformational Leadership and Interpersonal Communication through Work Motivation on Teacher Performance at all State Junior High Schools in Banjarmasin Utara Sub-district. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(2), 178-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.02.09
Sabitova, A., Hickling, L. M., & Priebe, S. (2020). Job morale: A scoping review of how the concept developed and is used in healthcare research. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09256-6
Sageer, A., & Rafat, S. (2012). The interactive effect of communication and stress on perception of quality of work life. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 4(6), 29-31.
Sania, U., Kalpina, K., & Javed, H. (2015). Diversity, employee morale and customer satisfaction: The three musketeers. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(1), 11-18. doi:10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.147
Sastrohadiwiryo, S. (2002). Indonesia workforce management: Administrative and operational approaches. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Sehang, F., Rawis, J. A., Simandjuntak, S., & Kambey, D. (2017). Relationship between Morale and the Teacher Performance at Adventist Junior High School of North Sulawesi Province. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 7(4), 23-28. doi:10.9790/7388-0704042328
Setyawati, N. S. (2020). The influence of parents’ role and parenting on communication and social independence of children in Kindergarten Cempaka Cluster, Central Banjarmasin Subdistrict. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(1), 66-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.01.01.09
Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqotaish, A. (2017). The effect of low morale and motivation on employees’ productivity & competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10(7), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n7p1
Sohail, A., Safdar, R., Saleem, S., Ansar, S., & Azeem, M. (2014). Effect of work motivation and organizational commitment on job satisfaction: (A case of education industry in Pakistan). Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 16(6), 1-7.
Sopiah. (2008). Organizational behavior. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Sugiyono. (2013). Research methods quantitative qualitative R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhaimi. (2015). The relationship between principal leadership behavior, morale, organizational commitment and. Malang: State University of Malang.
Suhaimi, & Rinawati, Y. (2018). The management of character education curriculum at Vocational High School 2 Kandangan. 274, 272-277. doi:https://doi.org/10.2991/iccite-18.2018.59
Suhaimi, S., & Efendi, N. (2018). The relationship between the role of the principal and attitudes towards the teaching profession with the work performance of public high school teachers in Hulu Sungai Selatan district. Lentera Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1). doi:10.33654/jpl.v13i1.350
Sulaxono, L. R. (2020). Relationship of transformational leadership and work motivation through discipline and teacher performance. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 3(1), 57-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.01.08
Suranto, A. (2005). Office communication “communication principle to improve office performance. Yogyakarta: Media Wacana.
Suriansyah, A. (2014). The relationship of school culture, communication, and work commitment to the performance of. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 33(3), 358-367. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v3i3.2380
Susipta, I. (2015). The influence of morale and communication on the performance of education personnel. Journal Management of Gajayana, 12(2).
Suyomukti, N. (2016). Introduction to communication science. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Szostek, D. (2019). The Impact of the Quality of Interpersonal Relationships between Employees on Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Study of Employees in Poland. Sustainability, 11, 1-33. doi:10.3390/su11215916
Wahyuni, S., S. E., & Retnowati, R. (2016). The relationship of interpersonal communication, working motivation and transformational leadership to teachers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 4(8), 89-93. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0408007
Weakliem, D. L., & Frenkel, S. J. (2006). Morale and workplace performance. Work and Occupations, 33(3), 335–361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888406290054
Willis, M., & Varner, L. (2010). Factors that affect teacher morale. Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 8(4), 1-5.
Yulianti, & Muhidin. (2017). Study of teacher compensation and work spirit. Journal of office management education, 2(1), 1-10
Arikunto, S. (2010). Research procedure. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Arikunto, S. (2011). Research procedure: A practice approach. Jakarta: PT. Renika Cipta.
Awad, T. A., & Alhashemi, S. E. (2012). Assessing the effect of interpersonal communications on employees’ commitment and satisfaction. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(2), 134-156. doi:10.1108/17538391211233425
Bacher-Hicks, A., Chin, M. J., Kane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2019). An experimental evaluation of three teacher quality measures: Value-added, classroom observations, and student surveys. Economics of Education Review, 73, 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.101919
Bao, Y., Zhu, F., Hu, Y., & Cui, N. (2016). The research of interpersonal conflict and solution strategies. Psychology, 7, 541-545. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.74055
Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). Business research methods. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Dalle, J. (2010). General methodology of inquiry crowding out inner and outer assessment: a case study of the indonesia student enrollment system. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Erichsen, K., & Reynolds, J. (2020). Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale. Social Science Research, 85, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102347
Gorton, R. (1972). School administration and supervision. Iowa: Wm.C. Brown company publishers.
Hairina, D. (2020). The relationship of emotional intelligence and work motivation through work discipline on the performance of state vocational high school teachers in Banjarmasin city. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(3), 327-341. doi:https://j-k6em.org/index.php/jkemorg/article/view/401
Handoko, T. (2003). Management Personalia and human resources. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Harahap, M. E., Suriansyah, A., & Suhaimi. (2020). Relationship of instructional leadership, organizational climate and teacher’s commitment to job satisfaction. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 2(4), 260-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.02.04.01
Hasibuan, M. (2010). Organizational motivation. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Hasibuan, M. (2013). Human resource management. Jakarta: PT. Bumu Aksara.
Izvercian, M., Radu, A., LarisaIvascu, & Ardelean, B.-O. (2014). The impact of human resources and total quality management on the enterprise. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 124, 27-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.456
Jayanti, E., Utaminingtyas, R. R., & Farouk, U. (2020). The effect of work motivation, work discipline, and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT. Samudera Perdana Selaras. Admisi dan Bisnis, 21(2), 131-142.
Kanimozhi, M., & Vinothkumar, A. (2018). Effectiveness of employee morale and its impact on employee relation in manufacturing industry. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(11), 506-512.
Kelimeda, Hairudinor, Ridwan, M. N., & Dalle, J. (2018). The effect of motivation, job satisfaction and job discipline toward employee performance of PT. Buma Perindahindo at Lng Tangguh Site, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. European Journal of Human Resource Management Studies, 2(1), 49-73. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2040456
Kusrini, L., Suriansyah, A., & Saleh, M. (2018). the influence of supervision of academic supervisors with commitment and work motivation on performance of teachers of the state high school in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. European Journal of Education Studies, 5(7). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.2098
Mallik, A., Mallik, L., & Keerthi, D. (2019). Impact of employee morale on organizational success. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 3289-3293. doi:10.35940/ijrte.D8070.118419
Mangkunegara, A. P., & Octorend, T. R. (2015). Effect of work discipline, work motivation and job satisfaction on employee organizational commitment in the company (Case Study in PT. Dada Indonesia). Universal Journal of Management, 3(8), 318-328. doi:10.13189/ujm.2015.030803
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991-1007. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
Molina, E., Fatima, S. F., Ho, A. D., Melo, C., Wilichowski, T. M., & Pushparatnam, A. (2020). Measuring the quality of teaching practices in primary schools: Assessing the validity of the Teach observation tool in Punjab, Pakistan. Teaching and Teacher Education, 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103171
Mulyasa. (2012). Character education management. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.
Nappo, N. (2020). The interactive effect of cojob stress and interpersonal relationships cross country evidence from the EU15: A correlation analysismmunication and stress on perception of quality of work life. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09253-9
Nasrullah, R. (2012). Intercultural communication (in the cultural cyber). Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.
Nawawi, H. (2006). Performance evaluation and supervision. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada Offset.
Nazir, M. (2005). Research methods. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Nisa, W. (2020). The contribution of professional competence through the work discipline and performance to teacher work productivity in public elementary school of savings subdistrict, Barito Kuala. Journal of K6, Education, and Management,3(1), 149-157.
Nitisemito, A. (2008). Management personalia. Jakarta: Adisi Indonesia.
Nofia, D., Yasri, Y., & Abror, A. (2019). The effects of interpersonal communication and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (at Agam District Government). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 97, 581-587.
Noor, S., Wahyu, & Suhaimi. (2019). Relationship principal leadership to work motivation, morale teacher and teacher performance of state junior high schools. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(1), 15-22.
Okoro, E., Washington, M. C., & Thomas, O. (2017). The impact of interpersonal communication skills on organizational effectiveness and social self-efficacy: A Synthesis. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(3), 28-32.
Parmin. (2013). The influence of leadership and satisfaction on employee morale with organizational commitment asan intervening variable. Journal Manajemen Pendidikan, 1.
Poernamawijayai, L. W., Sulaiman, Suriansyah, A., & Dalle, J. (2018). Contribution on supervision of supervisor, principals motivation, kindergarten teacher performance to improving the kindergarten quality in West Banjarmasin, Indonesia. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies, 3(2), 129-146. doi:10.5281/zenodo.226103
Pratama, M. (2019). The influence of leadership, work motivation and work discipline on employee performance of the central sumatra region of Sungai Sumatra V. Medan: State University of North Sumatera.
Priyatno, D. (2010). Easy and fast techniquest to analyze research data with SPSS and questions and answers on awareness exams Pendadaran. Yogyakarta: Gaya Media.
Purwanto. (2012). Workforce management. Bandung: Pioneer.
Rahmadani, I. (2020). Contribution of teachers perceptions about the effectiveness of principal leadership and interpersonal communication on school climate through emotional intelligence. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(3), 295-302.
Robescu, O., & Iancu, A.-G. (2016). The effects of motivation on employees performance in organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 1-8. doi:10.1515/vjes-2016-0006
Rosyada, A. (2020). Contribution of organizational commitment, lesson study and teacher professionalism to learning quality. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 3(2), 118– 127. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.02.03
Ruslan, M. (2020). Contribution of Principal Transformational Leadership and Interpersonal Communication through Work Motivation on Teacher Performance at all State Junior High Schools in Banjarmasin Utara Sub-district. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(2), 178-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.02.09
Sabitova, A., Hickling, L. M., & Priebe, S. (2020). Job morale: A scoping review of how the concept developed and is used in healthcare research. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09256-6
Sageer, A., & Rafat, S. (2012). The interactive effect of communication and stress on perception of quality of work life. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 4(6), 29-31.
Sania, U., Kalpina, K., & Javed, H. (2015). Diversity, employee morale and customer satisfaction: The three musketeers. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(1), 11-18. doi:10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.147
Sastrohadiwiryo, S. (2002). Indonesia workforce management: Administrative and operational approaches. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Sehang, F., Rawis, J. A., Simandjuntak, S., & Kambey, D. (2017). Relationship between Morale and the Teacher Performance at Adventist Junior High School of North Sulawesi Province. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 7(4), 23-28. doi:10.9790/7388-0704042328
Setyawati, N. S. (2020). The influence of parents’ role and parenting on communication and social independence of children in Kindergarten Cempaka Cluster, Central Banjarmasin Subdistrict. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(1), 66-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.01.01.09
Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqotaish, A. (2017). The effect of low morale and motivation on employees’ productivity & competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10(7), 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n7p1
Sohail, A., Safdar, R., Saleem, S., Ansar, S., & Azeem, M. (2014). Effect of work motivation and organizational commitment on job satisfaction: (A case of education industry in Pakistan). Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 16(6), 1-7.
Sopiah. (2008). Organizational behavior. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Sugiyono. (2013). Research methods quantitative qualitative R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhaimi. (2015). The relationship between principal leadership behavior, morale, organizational commitment and. Malang: State University of Malang.
Suhaimi, & Rinawati, Y. (2018). The management of character education curriculum at Vocational High School 2 Kandangan. 274, 272-277. doi:https://doi.org/10.2991/iccite-18.2018.59
Suhaimi, S., & Efendi, N. (2018). The relationship between the role of the principal and attitudes towards the teaching profession with the work performance of public high school teachers in Hulu Sungai Selatan district. Lentera Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1). doi:10.33654/jpl.v13i1.350
Sulaxono, L. R. (2020). Relationship of transformational leadership and work motivation through discipline and teacher performance. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 3(1), 57-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.01.08
Suranto, A. (2005). Office communication “communication principle to improve office performance. Yogyakarta: Media Wacana.
Suriansyah, A. (2014). The relationship of school culture, communication, and work commitment to the performance of. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 33(3), 358-367. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v3i3.2380
Susipta, I. (2015). The influence of morale and communication on the performance of education personnel. Journal Management of Gajayana, 12(2).
Suyomukti, N. (2016). Introduction to communication science. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Szostek, D. (2019). The Impact of the Quality of Interpersonal Relationships between Employees on Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Study of Employees in Poland. Sustainability, 11, 1-33. doi:10.3390/su11215916
Wahyuni, S., S. E., & Retnowati, R. (2016). The relationship of interpersonal communication, working motivation and transformational leadership to teachers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 4(8), 89-93. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0408007
Weakliem, D. L., & Frenkel, S. J. (2006). Morale and workplace performance. Work and Occupations, 33(3), 335–361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888406290054
Willis, M., & Varner, L. (2010). Factors that affect teacher morale. Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 8(4), 1-5.
Yulianti, & Muhidin. (2017). Study of teacher compensation and work spirit. Journal of office management education, 2(1), 1-10